The Mineralization and Structural Geology of the Porphyry Copper
The porphyry copper deposits of Central-Asia have appeared to be one vital porphyry copper belts of the World (Seltmann & Porter 2005; Yakubchuk 2005; Yang et al. 2012). Pakistan is hosting a wide variety of mineral deposits due to its complex geology and tectonics (Shah et al. 2018b, 2019; Shah & Khan 2004). The principal resources of …
Copper Mining and Processing: Processing Copper Ores
Copper processing is a complicated process that begins with mining of the ore (less than 1% copper) and ends with sheets of 99.99% pure copper called cathodes, which will ultimately be made into products for everyday use.The most common types of ore, copper oxide and copper sulfide, undergo two different processes, hydrometallurgy and …
Generation of porphyry copper deposits by gas–brine …
Geologic and isotopic evidence demonstrate that magmatic processes play a key role in hypogene porphyry copper deposit (PCD) mineralization, both in the …
Porphyry Copper Systems*
The sequence of alteration-mineralization events charted above is principally a consequence of progressive rock and fluid cooling, from >700° to <250°C, caused by …
Porphyry Copper Systems1 | Economic Geology
Porphyry Cu systems host some of the most widely distributed mineralization types at convergent plate boundaries, including porphyry deposits centered on intrusions; skarn, carbonate-replacement, and sediment-hosted Au deposits in increasingly peripheral locations; and superjacent high- and intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposits.
The role of porphyry-related skarns in the Chating porphyry copper and
The Chating deposit is a large porphyry copper deposit in the Xuancheng district of the MLYB (Fig. 1; Lu et al., 2019, Xiao et al., 2019, Zhou et al., 2020) and is associated with numerous skarns that occur at depths from 1710 m to 300 m. Both the endoskarn and exoskarn in Chating mainly occur as calc–silicate veins or massive …
Copper and critical metals production from porphyry ores …
Pebble Copper in Alaska, discovered in 1988, is the largest porphyry copper deposit outside of Chile and is estimated to contain ~7510 Mt of ore at 0.416% copper, 0.024% molybdenum and 0.33 g/t gold (Lang et al., 2007). Finally, Peru, Canada, and the Philippines rank in third, fourth and fifth places, respectively in terms of the total ...
Zaldívar Copper Mine
The solvent extraction trains transfer copper to the tankhouse, which produces copper cathodes meeting LME Grade A specifications. Production. In 2004, the mine produced 147,602t of Grade A-standard copper cathode, treating 18.2Mt of ore grading 1.0% Cu. Its production in 2005 was 123,379t of copper in cathodes and …
(PDF) History of the Ok Tedi porphyry copper prospect
The Ok Tedi porphyry copper-gold deposit in western Papua New Guinea was discovered and tested by a subsidiary of Kennecott Copper Corporation in 1968-1971. Exploration lapsed in 1972-1975 while ...
PORPHYRY DEPOSITS
The major products from porphyry copper deposits are copper and molybdenum or copper and gold. The term porphyry copper now includes engineering as well as geological considerations; It refers to large, relatively low grade, epigenetic, intrusion-related deposits that can be mined using mass mining techniques.
Porphyry Copper Deposits of the World: Database and Grade and Tonnage
Tonnage of porphyry copper deposits versus average copper grades (from figure 1). This report is an update of earlier publications about porphyry copper deposits (Singer, Berger, and Moring, 2002; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C., 2005). The update was necessary because of new information about substantial increases in resources in ...
Mineralogy of PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSITS
Maturity in porphyry copper systems, determined by factors like rock type, alteration, and mineralization processes, varies from tonalite to quartz monzonite. …
(PDF) The formation of porphyry copper deposits
Porphyry ore deposits are the source of much of the copper, molybdenum, gold and silver used by humans. Porphyry ore typically forms in magmatic arcs above subduction zones.
Porphyry Deposits » Geology Science
Mineralization: Porphyry deposits are typically mineralized with copper, gold, molybdenum, and silver.The minerals are typically found as sulfides and other minerals in the form of veins and disseminations. Geology: Porphyry deposits are associated with intrusive igneous rocks, such as granites and diorites.The mineralization …
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Advancing America's Newest Porphyry Copper Belt Hercules Metals' owned Hercules project hosts the newly discovered Leviathan porphyry copper system, one of the most important discoveries in the region to date. The Company is well positioned for growth through continued drilling, supported by extensive historical and current …
Everything you need to know about copper porphyries
Porphyry deposits are very large, polymetallic systems that typically contain copper along with other important metals. Much of today's mineral production depends on porphyries: 60% of copper ...
From long-lived batholith construction to giant porphyry copper …
Porphyry Cu ore deposits are a rare product of arc magmatism that often form spatiotemporal clusters in magmatic arcs. The petrogenetic evolution of igneous rocks that cover the temporal window prior to and during porphyry Cu deposit formation may provide critical insights into magmatic processes that are key in generating these …
Anatomy of Porphyry-Related Mineralised Au-Cu-Ag …
porphyry to low sulphidation epithermal mineralisation commonly provides higher Au contents relative to Cu, wall rock porphyry systems tend to be large but display low metal grades (Gaby Au-Cu, Ecuador, some Maricunga belt Au systems, Chile and Whitewash porphyry Mo Rawbelle, Australia), and so only represent favoured exploration targets in
Minerals | Free Full-Text | Metallogenesis of Porphyry Copper …
The origin of the Dexing porphyry Cu deposit is hotly debated. Zircon and apatite are important accessory minerals that record key information of mineralization processes. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb analyses of granodiorite porphyries yield ages of 168.9 ± 1.2 Ma, 168.0 ± 1.0 Ma, and 172.8 ± 1.3 Ma, whereas zircons in the volcanic rocks of …
The formation of porphyry copper deposits | Acta …
Copper is a moderately incompatible chalcophile element. Its behavior is strongly controlled by sulfides. The speciation of sulfur is controlled by oxygen fugacity. Therefore, porphyry Cu deposits are usually oxidized (with oxygen fugacities > ΔFMQ +2) (Mungall 2002; Sun et al. 2015). The problem is that while most of the magmas at …
Generation of porphyry copper deposits by gas–brine …
Porphyry copper deposits, that is, copper ore associated with hydrothermal fluids rising from a magma chamber, supply 75% of the world's copper. They are typically associated with intrusions of ...
Magmatic Resources: lured by the lustre of porphyry copper …
Porphyry prominence. Porphyry deposits are categorised into 3 main subtypes – copper porphyry, gold porphyry, and molybdenum porphyry. The most important and lucrative sources for copper world-wide today are these deposits, as they are host to the largest-known exploitable concentrations of the soft, malleable, and ductile …
Petrogenesis and thermal history of the Yulong porphyry copper …
The Yulong porphyry copper deposit (6.5 Mt at 0.46 % Cu) in eastern Tibet was formed in a post-collisional setting. New zircon U–Pb and U–Th/He ages, apatite U–Th/He ages and in-situ zircon Hf isotopic and trace element data for the Yulong ore-bearing adakitic porphyries elucidate the thermal history and petrogenesis of the …
Anatomy of Porphyry-Related Mineralised Au-Cu-Ag-Mo …
Quality porphyry-related deposits typically occur within variably eroded calc-alkaline magmatic (island) arcs developed as linear belts overlying subducting oceanic plates …
Porphyry Copper Deposit Model
This report contains a revised descriptive model of porphyry copper deposits (PCDs), the world's largest source (about 60 percent) and resource (about 65 percent) of copper and …
Porphyry (geology)
Porphyry is a variety of igneous rock consisting of large-grained crystals, such as feldspar or quartz, dispersed in a fine-grained feldspathic matrix or groundmass. The larger crystals are called phenocrysts.In its traditional, non-geologic use, the term "porphyry" refers to the purple-red form of this stone, valued for its appearance.
Porphyry Copper Assessment of Southeast Asia …
The purpose of the assessment was to (1) delineate permissive areas (tracts) for undiscovered porphyry copper deposits at a scale of 1:1,000,000, (2) provide a database of known porphyry copper …
(PDF) Porphyry Copper Systems | Daniela Olivares Sedan
Porphyry Cu systems are initiated by injection of oxidized magma saturated with Sand metal-rich, aqueous fluids from cupolas on the tops of the subjacent parental plutons.
The history of mining and mineral exploration in …
The fourth period was the era of porphyry copper discoveries and systematic, regional geochemical exploration programs from 1956 to 1982, carried out mainly by the United Nations and the …
Illumination of vein quartz textures in a porphyry copper …
Illumination of vein quartz textures in a porphyry copper ore deposit using scanned cathodoluminescence: Grasberg Igneous Complex, Irian Jaya, Indonesia Sarah C. Penniston-Dorland Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, U.S.A.