Crude oil characterization
Because of the differences in composition, correlations developed from regional samples, predominantly of one chemical base, may not provide satisfactory results when applied to crude oils from other regions. Classification of hydrocarbons based on structure. Hydrocarbons are classified according to the structure of the molecule.
Petrophysics
The term "petrophysics" was coined by G.E. Archie and J.H.M.A. Thomeer in a quiet bistro in The Hague. By their definition, petrophysics is the study of the physical and chemical properties of rocks and their contained fluids.
Overview of the lightweight oil-well cement mechanical …
The final composition of any slurry design is therefore dependent on several factors. ... (PetroWiki, 2013). It is highly reactive and has pozzolanic properties. ... Class G cement and a strength-enhancing additive were used in designing the base slurry. Nitrogen was injected to reduce the base density of 15.7 ppg to 9.9 ppg.
AFE: cementing
Quick-set, top-out cement is often used on surface casing. It provides short-term strength that allows surface-equipment rigging to proceed while waiting on the other cement to cure. The slurry usually consists of 50 to 100 sacks of cement at approximately U.S. $10/sack. References Noteworthy papers in OnePetro. Harms, Weldon M.and …
Hydrogen Reactivity with (1) a Well Cement
Summary TEREGA has been using an aquifer of southwestern France to store natural gas since 1957. The storage and the surface facilities are connected by cement-completed wells. The PHREEQC geochemical thermodynamics calculations presented herein aim at evaluating if hydrogen reactivity with a class G oil-well cement would have an impact …
6 Types of Cement Grades
The primary cement grades used in construction are 33, 43, 53 Grade OPC, Portland Pozzolana Cement, and Portland Slag Cement. Each grade has specific properties and …
Chemistry and Classification of Oil well Cements | Petro Shine
Effect of Temperature. Temperature is one of the most important factors affecting how quickly cement sets in a well, the key parameter for choosing a cement. Figure 1 shows …
Calculating gas properties
Calculating properties of natural gas. Find the density, formation volume factor (FVF), viscosity, and isothermal compressibility of a gas with the following properties and conditions: . γ g = 0.7; H 2 S = 7%; CO 2 = 10%; p = 2,010 psia; T = 75°F.; Solution. The density is calculated from Eq. 3 in Gas formation volume factor and density: . The …
SPE/SEG | Petrowiki
The material-balance equation is the simplest expression of the conservation of mass in a reservoir. The equation mathematically defines the different producing mechanisms and effectively relates the reservoir fluid and rock expansion to the subsequent fluid withdrawal.
Oil fluid characteristics
Table 4 tabulates and Fig. 4 plots the standard PVT parameters for a volatile oil from a north-central Louisiana reservoir located at a depth of approximately 10,000 ft with an initial pressure of 5,070 psia and a temperature of 246°F. The fluid exhibited a bubblepoint at approximately 4,677 psia and had a molecular weight of 47. Table 5 …
Reserves definitions
See criteria for Probable reserves and Possible reserves Table 3: Reserves Category Definitions and Guidelines - 2007. 'The 2P and 3P estimates may be based on reasonable alternative technical and commercial interpretations within the reservoir and/or subject project that are clearly documented, including comparisons to results in …
Glossary:Class A cement
Content of PetroWiki is intended for personal use only and to supplement, not replace, engineering judgment. SPE disclaims any and all liability for your use of such content. More information. Glossary: Class A cement. PetroWiki. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Construction grade Portland cement.
Packer standards and classifications
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the American Petroleum Institute(API) have created a standard [reference ISO 14310:2001(E) and API Specification 11D1] intended to establish guidelines for both manufacturers and end users in the selection, manufacture, design, and laboratory testing of the many types of …
Multilateral completions
The TAML system for multilateral junction classification is based on support and hydraulic integrity provided at the junction. There are six industry levels defined by TAML. This categorization system makes it easier for operators to recognize and compare the functionality and risk-to-reward evaluations of one multilateral completion …
Rock types
Carbonates. Carbonates can have extremely complex textures resulting form the mixture of fossils and matrix building the rock. In Fig. 4, an optical image demonstrates the multitude of forms that can be present.Shell fragments appear as crescent shapes in cross section. Much of the material between fragments can be filled with carbonate mud, …
API Cement Classes In Oil And Gas
There are eight different API cement classes. Table 1 provides the classes and their applications. In table 2, you will find a summary of the cement chemical …
Cement Engineers Handbook
Control Training Courses - PCI17-2041.00 - Chemical EngineersBing: Cement Engineers HandbookCompotiteConstruction Equipment Operators : Occupational Outlook Cement kiln - WikipediaCement Hydration - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Cement composition and classification - PetroWiki This book Material Testing is a must have book for civil ...
Casing design
Content of PetroWiki is intended for personal use only and to supplement, not replace, engineering judgment. ... Production data: packer-fluid density; produced-fluid composition; and worst-case loads that might occur during completion, production, and workover operations. ... Top-of-cement (TOC) depths for each casing string should be …
PEH:Introduction to Roller-Cone and Polycrystalline Diamond
Bit Design Method.The bit geomety and cutting structure engineering method of Bentson has since 1956 been the root from which most roller-cone bit design methods have been designed (see also Reference 1). Although modern engineering techniques and tools have advanced dramatically from those used in 1956, Bentson's method is the …
SPE | Cement composition and classification
Cement composition and classification June, 2015 – Petrowiki Almost all drilling cements are made of Portland cement, a calcined (burned) blend of limestone and clay.
Cement: Definition, Functions, Types & Properties
Learn in detail about cement, composition of cement, functions, hydration and various properties of cement. Learn for free at Embibe. ... CBSE Class 10 Study Timetable: The CBSE Class 10 is the board-level exam, and the Class 10th students will appear for the board examinations for...
8 Main Cement Ingredients & Their Functions
Cement, as a binding material, is a very important building material. Almost every construction work requires cement. Therefore, the composition of cement is a matter of …
Formation damage from perforating and cementing
Depending on the specific composition of the cement and its pH, the filtrate may be supersaturated with calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate. As the cement filtrate invades the formation and reacts with the formation minerals, its pH is reduced from > 12 to a pH buffered by the formation minerals.
Resin composite cements: Current status and a novel classification …
Objectives: Currently, a classification of resin cements that includes relatively recently formulated ("universal") cements is lacking. Furthermore, the terminology used to define different resin cements in the scientific reports is inconsistent. Accordingly, this work aims to: (i) propose a novel classification of resin composite cements; (ii) disambiguate the …
Carbonate reservoir geology
Depositional classification of carbonates. Depositional textures are described using a classification developed by Dunham. The Dunham classification divides carbonates into organically bound and loose sediments (see Fig. 1).The loose sediment cannot be described in simple terms of grain size and sorting because shapes …
Drilling fluid types
Classification of drilling fluids. World Oil's annual classification of fluid systems lists nine distinct categories of drilling fluids, including: Freshwater systems; Saltwater systems; Oil- or synthetic-based systems; Pneumatic (air, …
Fluid identification and characterization
Water-based drilling mud. Because hydrocarbons are not always part of a water-based-mud formulation, sophisticated analytical chemical techniques can be used on the oil and gas samples circulated to the surface and captured to determine the properties of hydrocarbons in a given zone penetrated by the drill bit.
Cement Types
Chemical testing includes oxide analyses (SiO 2, CaO, Al 2 O 3, Fe 2 O 3, etc.) to allow the cement phase composition to be calculated. Type II cements are limited in C150/M 85 to a maximum of 8 percent by mass of tricalcium aluminate (a cement phase, often abbreviated C 3 A), which impacts a cement's sulfate resistance. Certain oxides are ...
Packers
Content of PetroWiki is intended for personal use only and to supplement, not replace, engineering judgment. ... Packer classification. Production packers can be classified into two groups: Retrievable; Permanent. ... Any cement that may have been left on the casing wall from previous cementing operations, as well as scale buildup in the …
Lithology and rock type determination
Weak rocks, ones without cement, are often reduced to original detrital grain size by the drilling process, making it difficult to determine rock type, but still possible to determine lithology. Once the well is drilled and logged and rock layers are marked for further study, rock samples can be obtained through the use of wireline core takers ...